Renewable energy, urbanization, and CO2 emissions : a global test

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A fixed effects regression and two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) is used to analyze secondary data from the World Bank, covering 163 countries over the period from 2000 to 2016. The study tests the relationship between renewable energy, urbanization, and CO2 emissions. The empirical results show that urbanization has an inverted U-shaped relationship with CO2 emissions, while renewable energy consumption mitigates CO2 emissions. If causal, a 1% increase in renewable energy use leads to a 1.2% decrease in CO2 emissions. The results also show that the GDP per capita has an inverted U-shaped relationship with CO2 emissions, confirming the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). We also found that innovation, proxied by residents’ patents, has a non-linear effect on CO2 emissions. As a policy implication, developing countries should increase the share of renewable energy in their total energy use, and promote innovative activities by increasing government spending on R&D.

Tytuł
Renewable energy, urbanization, and CO2 emissions : a global test
Twórca
Gierałtowska Urszula ORCID 0000-0002-2249-6022
Słowa kluczowe
renewable energy; CO2 emissions; urbanization; innovation; patents
Słowa kluczowe
energia odnawialna; emisje CO2; urbanizacja; innowacja; patenty
Współtwórca
Asyngier Roman
Nakonieczny Joanna
Salahodjaev Raufhon
Data
2022
Typ zasobu
artykuł
Identyfikator zasobu
DOI 10.3390/en15093390
Źródło
Energies, 2022, vol. 15 issue 9, [br. s.]., 3390
Język
angielski
Prawa autorskie
CC BY CC BY
Kategorie
Publikacje pracowników US
Data udostępnienia24 maj 2022, 13:51:40
Data mod.27 paź 2022, 12:06:23
DostępPubliczny
Aktywnych wyświetleń0