Goosefoot – a plant that likes drought : the goosefoot family pollen season in 2019 in Poland, Hungary and Slovakia

Almost all the species of the Chenopodiaceae family present in our flora flower from July–August to the autumn. Unfortunately, allergies do not take a vacation. Warm, dry July and August weather should limit pollen emissions. However, similarly to most plants in dry habitats, goosefoot are well adapted to such conditions and does not provide even a short reprieve to pollen allergic patients. However, goosefoot pollen does not have a very large allergenic significance; despite the long pollen season lasting about 3 months, pollen concentrations in the air are low and very rarely exceed the concentration of 30 grains/m³. This study compares Chenopodiaceae pollen seasons in Poland, Hungary and Slovakia in 2019. The investigations were carried out using the volumetric method (Hirst type pollen sampler). Seasonal pollen index was estimated as the sum of daily average pollen concentrations in the given season. The pollen season ranges from June to September, depending on the geographical latitude. In Hungary and Slovakia there are much longer pollen seasons than in Poland. Pollen of goosefoot family contains the panallergen profilins, which are responsible for cross-reactivity among pollen-sensitized patients. In 2019 the pollen season of goosefoot started first in Hungary, in Kaposvar on June 7^th and in Slovakia, in Žilina, on June 8^th; in Poland pollen season started much later, on June 14^th in Szczecin and Opole. At the latest, a pollen season ended in Nitria (Slovakia) on October 16^th; in Kecskemet (Hungary) on October 3^rd. In Poland the season ended much earlier than in Hungary and Slovakia already on August 25^th. The differences of pollen season durations are considerable, the number of days ranged from 72 to 128. The dynamics of the pollen seasons of goosefoot family show similarities within a given country and considerable differences between these countries. However, the differences of the highest airborne concentration between the countries are not considerable (25 pollen grains/m³ in Poland, 49 pollen grains/m³ in Hungary, and 30 pollen grains/m³ in Slovakia. The maximum values of seasonal pollen count in Polish cities occurred between July 26^th and August 29^th, in Hungarian cities between August 27^th and 30^th, and in Slovakian cities between August 7^th and 28^th. Pollen season was characterized by extremely different total annual pollen SPI, in Poland from 116 to 360; in Hungary and Slovakia within the limits 290 to 980. Droughts that occur more frequently during the summer facilitate the spread of species of the goosefoot family due to the possibility of these plants gaining new habitats.