Crosstalk between apoptosis and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) in the course of Lagovirus europaeus GI.1a infection in rabbits

Introduction: Lagovirus europaeus is a single-stranded RNA virus causing an acute fatal disease in wild and domestic rabbitsaround the world. Studies have shown that the pivotal process impacting the immune response against the disease is apoptosis, registered mainly in hepatocytes and in peripheral blood, together with an increased number of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs). It is known that cytotoxic lymphocytes can induce target cells to undergo apoptosis on the pseudoreceptor pathway, such apoptosishaving been found in several acute and chronic viral infections. The study aimed to assess the crosstalk between the apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes (as CTLs) in rabbits infected with 6 Lagovirus europaeus GI.1a viruses. Material and Methods: Sixty rabbits of Polish hybrid breed comprising both sexes and weighing 3.2–4.2 kg were the experimental group, and an identical group was the control. Each of the six GI.1a Lagovirus europaeus viruses was inoculated into ten experimental rabbits. Control rabbits received glycerol as a placebo. Flow cytometric analysis was performed on blood from the study and control group animals for peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis and CTL percentage determination. Results: The activation of apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes was recorded from 4 h post inoculation (p.i.) up to 36 h p.i. Thepercentage of CTLs in the total blood pool decreased from 8 to 36 h p.i. A negative correlation between apoptosis of lymphocytesand the number of CTLs was proven. Conclusion: This may be the first evidence of virus-induced CTL apoptosis in Lagoviruseuropaeus GI.1a infection.